1,4-Dioxane
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1,4-Dioxane is a synthetic industrial chemical classified as a Group B2 (likely human) carcinogen by the EPA and as 'possibly carcinogenic to humans' (Group 2B) by IARC. It forms as a byproduct in the manufacture of products containing ethoxylated surfactants — commonly found in detergents, shampoos, and cleaning agents. The chemical is highly water-soluble, does not biodegrade readily, and passes through conventional wastewater treatment into groundwater supplies. Long-term exposure through contaminated drinking water is linked to liver cancer, kidney cancer, and nasal cavity tumors in animal studies. Plaintiffs allege manufacturers knew 1,4-dioxane was present in their products, that it would contaminate water supplies, and that cost-effective removal methods (vacuum stripping) existed but were not implemented.
Defendants
| Entity | Role | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 3M Company | Manufacturer | Consumer and industrial products containing ethoxylated surfactants |
| Henkel AG (Persil, Dial) | Manufacturer | Laundry and cleaning products — significant market share |
| Church & Dwight | Manufacturer | OxiClean, Arm & Hammer products |
| Procter & Gamble | Manufacturer | Tide, Dawn, and other consumer product lines |
| Unilever | Manufacturer | Dove, Suave, and other personal care products |
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Key Facts
- Status
- active
Geographic Exposure
Eligibility Criteria
- ✓Resident of community with 1,4-dioxane contaminated water supply
- ✓Water supply tested above NY guidance level of 1 ppb for 1,4-dioxane
- ✓Diagnosed with cancer (liver, kidney) or other illness linked to 1,4-dioxane exposure
- ✓Property owner in affected area (property damage/diminished value claims)
- ✓Municipal water authority (cost of remediation claims)